***～会飞的蝎子～学习宁静致远

Examples

heads <- rbinom(1, size=100, pr = .5)
prop.test(heads, 100)          # continuity correction TRUE by default
        1-sample proportions test with continuity correction

data:  heads out of 100, null probability 0.5 
X-squared = 0.25, df = 1, p-value = 0.6171
alternative hypothesis: true p is not equal to 0.5 
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.3703535 0.5719775 
sample estimates:
   p 
0.47 
prop.test(heads, 100, correct = FALSE)
        1-sample proportions test without continuity correction

data:  heads out of 100, null probability 0.5 
X-squared = 0.36, df = 1, p-value = 0.5485
alternative hypothesis: true p is not equal to 0.5 
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.3751082 0.5671114 
sample estimates:
   p 
0.47 

## Data from Fleiss (1981), p. 139.
## H0: The null hypothesis is that the four populations from which
##     the patients were drawn have the same true proportion of smokers.
## A:  The alternative is that this proportion is different in at
##     least one of the populations.

smokers  <- c( 83, 90, 129, 70 )
patients <- c( 86, 93, 136, 82 )
prop.test(smokers, patients)

        4-sample test for equality of proportions without continuity correction

data:  smokers out of patients 
X-squared = 12.6004, df = 3, p-value = 0.005585
alternative hypothesis: two.sided 
sample estimates:
   prop 1    prop 2    prop 3    prop 4 
0.9651163 0.9677419 0.9485294 0.8536585